Standard Versus Mini Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy for Renal Stones

Percutaneous nephrolithotomy is the preferred surgical intervention for large renal calculi. Despite its effectiveness, standard PCNL is associated with complications including hemorrhage, postoperative pain, and prolonged hospitalization. Mini-PCNL utilizes a smaller tract size, potentially reducing parenchymal injury and blood loss while maintaining adequate stone clearance. Previous studies have reported conflicting results regarding operative time, stone-free rates, and complications between the two techniques. Additionally, limited data are available from Pakistan. This randomized controlled trial will compare operative time, hemoglobin drop, stone clearance, postoperative fever, and length of hospital stay between mini-PCNL and standard PCNL, with the aim of identifying the safer and more effective approach for renal stone management.